Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa: Deals & Reviews (Monterey, USA)

See all properties

Save

Waterfront Monterey resort in New Monterey with 2 restaurants

Overview
Rooms
Location
Policies

9.4

Exceptional

Popular amenities

Air conditioning

Housekeeping

Explore the area

400 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA, 93940

Cannery Row1 min walk
Monterey Bay Aquarium8 min walk
Lovers Point3 min drive
Monterey, CA (MRY-Monterey Peninsula)14 min drive

Room options

Premium bedding, in-room safe, individually decorated

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Harbor View)

37.2 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Harbor View)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Harbor View with Balcony)

37.3 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Harbor View with Balcony)

37.2 sq m
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, Balcony, Partial Ocean View

37.2 sq m
Bay view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 1 King Bed, Balcony, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Partial Ocean View)

36.4 sq m
Bay view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Partial Ocean View with Balcony)

37.2 sq m
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible (Inland View with Balcony)

36.4 sq m
City view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Executive Suite, Ocean View

82.6 sq m
Sleeps 3
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Inland View)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 King Bed (Harbor View)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible (Harbor View with Balcony)

37.2 sq m
Bay view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Suite (Cannery Row)

139 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Inland View with Balcony)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 Queen Bed (Partial Ocean View)

36.4 sq m
Bay view
Sleeps 2
1 Queen Bed

Room, 1 King Bed (Partial Ocean View)

37.2 sq m
Bay view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Grand Suite (Bay)

158 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 1 King Bed, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

36.4 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Suite, Terrace (Spa)

66.1 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Presidential Suite

Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View with Balcony Corner Room)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Balcony, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View with Balcony)

36.4 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Ocean View with Balcony)

36.4 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View)

36.4 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Ocean View)

36.4 sq m
Ocean view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 King Bed (Inland View with Balcony)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Inland View)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Balcony (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Inland View with Balcony)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 4
2 Queen Beds

Room, 1 King Bed (Harbor View with Balcony)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 1 King Bed (Inland View)

37.2 sq m
City view
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Room, 1 King Bed, Balcony (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

36.4 sq m
Sleeps 2
1 King Bed

Similar properties

Pool

Spa

Pet-friendly

Restaurant

for 1 night

includes taxes & fees

5 July - 6 July

About the area

Monterey

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa puts you in the heart of Monterey, steps from Cannery Row and within a 10-minute stroll of Monterey Bay Aquarium. Highlights at this resort include in-room free WiFi, free high-speed Internet and LCD TVs. .A relaxing day at Vista Blue Spa can include deep-tissue massages, detox wraps and body wraps along with aromatherapy and hydrotherapy. The restaurant, Schooners Monterey, serves American cuisine and is open for breakfast, lunch and dinner. For a drink, you can stop by the resort's own lounge bar. Enjoy the gym, Hot tub and steam room as well as access to free bike hire. 30000 square feet (2787 square metres) of event facilities include 10 meeting rooms and conference space. Plus you'll find free Wi-Fi in public areas, a coffee shop/cafe and a snack bar/deli. Each morning full breakfast is served between 7:00 AM and 11:00 AM. There's also valet parking, along with the convenience of car rentals on site. .Attractions within a 15-minute walk of this New Monterey resort include Monterey Bay and Fisherman's Wharf.

View more Resorts in Monterey

What's nearby

Cannery Row - 1 min walk
Monterey Bay Aquarium - 8 min walk
Fishermans Wharf - 15 min walk
Lovers Point - 3 min drive
Pacific Grove Golf Links - 6 min drive

Getting around

Monterey Station - 8 min walk
Monterey, CA (MRY-Monterey Peninsula) - 14 min drive

Restaurants

‪Starbucks - ‬6 min walk
‪Zab Zab Thai Cuisine - ‬3 min walk
‪Sea Harvest - ‬5 min walk
‪Wave Street Cafe - ‬3 min walk
‪Fish Hopper - ‬6 min walk

About this property

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa

Waterfront Monterey resort in New Monterey with 2 restaurants

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa offers its guests a full-service spa, a health club, and Access to hot tub. There are 2 restaurants on site, as well as a coffee shop/cafΘ and a nearby snack bar/deli. You can enjoy a drink at the bar/lounge. Public spaces have free WiFi.

Event space at this resort measures 30000 square feet (2787 square metres) and includes conference space. A steam room, spa services, and a terrace are also featured at the business-friendly Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa. For a fee, parking is available.

This Monterey resort is smoke free.

250 guestrooms or units

5 levels

2 dining venues

30000 sq ft of conference space

2787 sq. m of conference space

Deli

Charging station for electric cars

Conference space

Breakfast available (surcharge)

Coffee in lobby

Dry cleaning

Self-service laundry

Front desk (24 hours)

Express check-in

Express check-out

Storage area for luggage

Front desk safe

Tour and ticket information

Concierge

Wedding services available

Terrace

Garden

Gift shop

Beauty salon

Newspapers in lobby (free)

Fireplace in lobby

On-site shopping

Bellhop

Lift

No smoking on site

Bar or lounge

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa offers 250 accommodations with iPod docking stations and laptop-compatible safes. Each accommodation is individually furnished and decorated. Beds feature premium bedding. A pillow menu is available. LCD televisions come with premium cable channels and pay-per-view films. Guests can make use of the in-room fridges and coffee/tea makers. Bathrooms include dressing gowns, designer toiletries, complimentary toiletries and hairdryers.

This Monterey resort provides complimentary wired and wireless Internet access. Business-friendly amenities include desks and telephones; free local calls are provided (restrictions may apply). Additionally, rooms include an iron/ironing board and a ceiling fan. A nightly turndown service is provided and housekeeping is offered on a daily basis. Amenities available on request include hypo-allergenic bedding. Housekeeping is provided on request.

Vista Blue Spa has massage/treatment rooms and couples treatment room(s). Services include deep-tissue massages, hot stone massages, facials and body wraps. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including aromatherapy and hydrotherapy.

The spa is open daily. Guests under 18 years old are not allowed in the spa.

Languages

English

Property amenities

Internet

Available in all rooms: Free WiFi and wired internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi

Parking and transport

Electric car charging station on site
Height restrictions apply for on-site parking
Valet parking on site (USD 48.85 per day; includes in/out privileges)

Food and drink

Daily full breakfast available 7:00 AM to 11:00 AM for a fee: USD 20 to 75 per person
2 restaurants
A bar/lounge
A coffee shop/cafe
Coffee and tea in common areas
Snack bar/deli

Restaurants on site

Coastal Kitchen
Schooners Monterey

Things to do

Free bicycle rentals
Full-service spa
Health club
Shopping
Spa tub
Steam room

Family friendly

In-room refrigerator
Laundry facilities
Snack bar/deli

Conveniences

24-hour front desk
ATM
Free newspapers in lobby
Gift shop/newsstand
Hair salon
Laundry facilities
Luggage storage
Safe at front desk

Guest services

Concierge services
Daily housekeeping
Dry cleaning/laundry service
Porter/bellhop
Tour and ticket assistance
Turndown service
Wedding services

Business services

10 meeting rooms
30,000 square feet of conference space

Outdoors

Garden
On the waterfront
Terrace

Full-service spa

Aromatherapy
Body scrubs
Body wraps
Couples treatment rooms
Deep-tissue massages
Detox wraps
Facials
Hot stone massages
Hydrotherapy
Manicures/pedicures
Prenatal massages
Spa open daily
Spa treatment rooms

Accessibility

If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please contact the property using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
Assistive listening devices
Braille/raised signage
Lift
Wheelchair accessible (may have limitations)
Wheelchair-accessible gym
Wheelchair-accessible path of travel
Wheelchair-accessible public washroom
Wheelchair-accessible registration desk
Wheelchair-accessible spa

5 floors
Ballroom
Banquet hall
Fireplace in lobby
Smoke-free property

Room amenities

Bedroom

Blackout drapes
Hypo-allergenic bedding
Pillow menu
Premium bedding

Bathroom

Designer toiletries
Dressing gowns
Hair dryer
Private bathroom
Toothbrush and toothpaste on request
Towels

Entertainment

IPod dock
LCD TV with premium cable channels
Pay films

Food and drink

Coffee/tea maker
Refrigerator
Room service

Air conditioning (climate-controlled)
Ceiling fan
Connecting rooms available
Desk
Free local calls
Heating (climate-controlled)
Individual decor
Individual furnishings
Iron/ironing board
Laptop-compatible safe
LED lighting
Phone
Recycling

Policies

Check-in

Check-in time starts at 4 PM

Express check-in available

Check-out

Check-out before noon

Contactless check-out

Express check-out available

Special check-in instructions

An adult aged 18 or older must assume all liability for the booking

Front desk staff will greet guests on arrival

Access methods

Staffed front desk

Pets

No pets allowed, but service animals are welcome

Children and extra beds

Children are welcome.

Rollaway/extra beds are available for USD 50.0 per night.

Payment types

Important information

Optional extras

The fees and deposits listed below will be charged at the time of service, check-in, or check-out.

Fee for full breakfast: approximately USD 20 to 75 per person
Valet parking fee: USD 48.85 per day (in/out privileges)
Rollaway bed fee: USD 50.0 per night

This may not be a comprehensive list. Fees and deposits are subject to change and might not include tax.

You need to know

Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy

Government-issued photo identification and a credit card may be required at check-in for incidental charges

Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges; special requests cannot be guaranteed

This property accepts credit cards; cash is not accepted

Noise-free guestrooms cannot be guaranteed

Safety features at this property include a security system and window guards

Please note that cultural norms and guest policies may differ by country and by property; the policies listed are provided by the property

Charges for extra guests may apply and vary according to property policy.
A credit card for incidental charges and government-issued photo identification may be required upon check-in.
Special requests are subject to availability at the time of check-in. Special requests can't be guaranteed and may incur additional charges.

This property is managed by a professional host. The provision of housing is linked to their trade, business or profession. This property accepts Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Discover and Diners Club. Cash is not accepted. Noise-free guestrooms cannot be guaranteed. For guests' safety, the property includes a carbon monoxide detector, a smoke detector, a security system and window guards in all accommodation. Contactless check-out is available.

We should mention

Reservations are needed for massage services and spa treatments. For reservations, contact the resort before arrival using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Connecting/adjoining rooms are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property at the number on your booking confirmation.
Certain facilities might have restricted access. For details, you can contact the property at the number on the booking confirmation.

Property is also known as

Hotel Monterey Plaza

Monterey Plaza

Monterey Plaza Hotel

Monterey Plaza Hotel And Spa

Monterey Plaza Hotel Monterey

Monterey Plaza Resort

Plaza Hotel Monterey

Monterey Plaza & Spa Monterey

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa Resort

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa Monterey

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa Resort Monterey

Frequently asked questions

What is the cancellation policy at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa offers free cancellation on select room rates. Check out the cancellation policy for more info.

How much does it cost to stay at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

As of 21 June 2024, prices found for a 1-night stay for 2 adults at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa on 1 July 2024 start from AU$636.04, including taxes and fees. This price is based on the lowest nightly price found in the last 24 hours for stays in the next 30 days. Prices are subject to change. Choose your dates for more accurate prices.

Is parking available at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Yep, Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa has valet parking with in/out privileges for USD 48.85 per day.

Are there any beaches close to Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Yep, Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa is a short 5-minute walk from San Carlos Beach - The Breakwater.

Is there a spa on site at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Yep, Vista Blue Spa is available for guests. You'll enjoy heaps of services like detox wraps, body wraps and body scrubs, as well as prenatal massages.

What luxury perks are available at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa features a full-service spa, a health club and 2 restaurants. All guestrooms come with premium bedding and room service.

What makes Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa a romantic place to stay?

1 hot tub and couples spa treatments, as well as premium bedding in the guestrooms, all help set the scene for a romantic weekend at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa.

Does Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa serve breakfast?

Yeah, full breakfast is offered daily from 7:00 AM to 11:00 AM.

Is there a free airport shuttle available at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

No, Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa does not offer an airport shuttle service.

Is there a bar or restaurant at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Yep, they've got a lounge bar and 2 restaurants. Pre dinner cocktails anyone?

What time are check-in & check-out at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

Check-in begins at 4 PM. Check-out time is noon.

Are pets allowed at Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa?

No, only service animals are allowed.

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa Reviews

9.4

Exceptional

9.6/10

Cleanliness

9.4/10

Staff & service

9.2/10

Amenities

9.4/10

Property conditions & facilities

9.2/10

Eco-friendliness

8/10 Good

Mariano

Travelled with family and small children

22 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities

Nice and clean property

Stayed 2 nights in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Mary

19 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities

Level of service and genuinely kind staff all around. I was traveling alone and felt very comfortable with engaging staff and using hotel facilities. The Spa was incredible- I felt lime I was the person in the commercial! So very luxurious without being stodgy. Perfect for what was a much needed escape from the everyday to celebrate life with a pampered relaxation.

Stayed 4 nights in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Frank

Travelled with partner

19 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities

Very nice, quality hotel. Nespresso and real coffee cups. No paper or plastic. Separate vanity area with appointments for us girls. No sharing the bathroom, standing in the hall or leaning over the desk to be by a mirror or lighting. Beautiful and very near the water

Stayed 1 night in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Miss

19 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities

Stayed 1 night in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

John

17 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities

The resort is within easy walking distance to all Cannery Row attractions, restaurants and shopping areas. The rooftop hot tubs have the best view of Monterey Bay. A great place to stay for scuba diving, the public beach next door and Breakwater Beach are minutes away from your room.

Stayed 2 nights in Mar 2024

8/10 Good

Kai

17 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities

This is a beautiful hotel, but I feel like it was a waste of money for me. I paid extra for an ocean view, but the room was above the ocean which meant 2 things: you didn't have a view of the waves and at night, the waves breaking on the rocks below were actually so loud that I had to use a noise machine to get to sleep. Also, the only parking option was valet which I find inconvenient, not to mention an added cost to an already very expensive stay.

Stayed 1 night in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Kevin

16 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, property conditions & facilities, room comfort

Stayed 1 night in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Suzanne

Travelled with family

16 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities

Every staff member was perfect….including our housekeepers.

Stayed 2 nights in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Jenny

Travelled with family

14 Mar 2024

Liked: Amenities

Friendly staff, scenic view, great food, clean room, attentive service

Stayed 2 nights in Mar 2024

10/10 Excellent

Dawn, Appleton

Travelled with partner

12 Mar 2024

Liked: Cleanliness, staff & service, amenities, property conditions & facilities

Great place. Highly recommend

Stayed 2 nights in Mar 2024

Wotif's Latest Trends

Hotels

Hilton AnaheimHollywood Celebrity HotelHandlery Union Square HotelDisneyland HotelShore HotelMagic Castle HotelBeverly InnGalleria Park HotelInterContinental Los Angeles Downtown, an IHG HotelBeverly Hills MarriottHoliday Inn Golden Gateway, an IHG HotelHilton Santa Monica Hotel & SuitesHotel Republic San Diego, Autograph CollectionBeresford Arms HotelThe Godfrey Hotel HollywoodThe London West Hollywood at Beverly HillsHotel Indigo Los Angeles Downtown, an IHG HotelCambria Hotel & Suites Anaheim Resort AreaTravelodge by Wyndham San Francisco BayMama Shelter Los AngelesHilton San Francisco Union SquareHyatt Regency San Francisco Downtown SOMA The Westin Bonaventure Hotel and Suites, Los AngelesSheraton Gateway Los Angeles HotelHilton Los Angeles AirportJW Marriott Anaheim ResortHotel Zephyr San FranciscoRodeway Inn RegalodgeLoews Hollywood HotelResidence Inn by Marriott Manhattan Beach

Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa

Choose dates to view prices

Photo gallery for Monterey Plaza Hotel & Spa

Exceptional

Popular amenities

Explore the area

Room options

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Harbor View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Harbor View)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Harbor View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Harbor View)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Harbor View with Balcony)

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Harbor View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Harbor View with Balcony)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Harbor View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, Balcony, Partial Ocean View

Room, Balcony, Partial Ocean View

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed, Balcony, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

Room, 1 King Bed, Balcony, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Partial Ocean View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Partial Ocean View)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Partial Ocean View with Balcony)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Partial Ocean View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible (Inland View with Balcony)

Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible (Inland View with Balcony)

View all photos for Executive Suite, Ocean View

Executive Suite, Ocean View

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Inland View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Inland View)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Harbor View)

Room, 1 King Bed (Harbor View)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible (Harbor View with Balcony)

Room, 1 King Bed, Accessible (Harbor View with Balcony)

View all photos for Suite (Cannery Row)

Suite (Cannery Row)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Inland View with Balcony)

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Accessible (Inland View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 1 Queen Bed (Partial Ocean View)

Room, 1 Queen Bed (Partial Ocean View)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Partial Ocean View)

Room, 1 King Bed (Partial Ocean View)

View all photos for Grand Suite (Bay)

Grand Suite (Bay)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

Room, 1 King Bed, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

Suite, Terrace (Spa)

Presidential Suite

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View with Balcony Corner Room)

Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View with Balcony Corner Room)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds, Balcony, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Balcony, Ocean View (Hearing Accessible)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View with Balcony)

Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Ocean View with Balcony)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Ocean View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View)

Room, 1 King Bed (Ocean View)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Ocean View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Ocean View)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Inland View with Balcony)

Room, 1 King Bed (Inland View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Inland View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Inland View)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds, Balcony (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

Room, 2 Queen Beds, Balcony (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

View all photos for Room, 2 Queen Beds (Inland View with Balcony)

Room, 2 Queen Beds (Inland View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Harbor View with Balcony)

Room, 1 King Bed (Harbor View with Balcony)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed (Inland View)

Room, 1 King Bed (Inland View)

View all photos for Room, 1 King Bed, Balcony (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

Room, 1 King Bed, Balcony (Hearing Accessible Inland View)

Similar properties

Portola Hotel & Spa at Monterey Bay

About the area

Monterey

What's nearby